Postpartum Depression: Too Little, Too Late
For many pregnant women, thoughts of postpartum depression raise feelings of fear, dread, and loss of control. Many feel that there is little that they can do to control whether or not they become depressed after they have their baby.
The great myth:
Over the past twenty years, much of the focus on emotional health in the childbearing years has been solely on postpartum depression. Women and their partners were told to be on the lookout for signs of depression after the baby was born. Some doctors and nurses assessed women at the 6-week postpartum check-up. But, few thought to look before the baby was born.
What many people don’t know is that women who experience postpartum depression usually have some warning signs while they’re pregnant. Many nurses and doctors who work with pregnant women don’t know this either. In fact, the research about emotional health in pregnancy is actually pretty new.
What you need to know - busting myths:
A recent study of over 1,000 first-time Australian mothers and their children has challenged several myths that we’ve held to about postpartum depression.
This study checked pregnant women for depression in pregnancy, and then again at 3, 6, and 12 months after they had their babies. When their children were 4 years old, these mothers were checked again for depression, and their children were assessed for emotional and behavioural difficulties.
This study busted 3 major myths:
Myth #1: Mood changes in pregnancy are just part of being pregnant. They’ll go away on their own.
What this study showed: Women who experience depression in pregnancy tend to still have it through the postpartum period and into the early years of childhood. Depression in pregnancy doesn’t simply go away on its own for most women.
The study showed: that among the 40% of women who had symptoms of depression in pregnancy, the majority (78%) had roughly the same level of depression from pregnancy right through to when their child started Kindergarten. The other 22% had symptoms that were more severe in pregnancy and continued to worsen as their child grew.
Myth #2: Postpartum depression is bad for child development. It’s all about postpartum depression.
What this study showed: Prenatal depression can affect 4-year old children’s development negatively. It’s not just postpartum depression that matters.
The study showed that 4-year old children who were born to mothers who had depression that started in pregnancy and continued to when their went to school had double the chance of experiencing behavioural and emotional problems.
In fact, of all the possible risk factors studied in this research, maternal depression (pregnancy to child age 4) was the biggest risk factor for poor child development.
Myth #3: Women who struggle with depression during their pregnancy and after they have their babies are disadvantaged women with lots of other troubles.
What this study showed: The majority of women who struggled with depression from pregnancy to 4 years after they had their baby were university educated and had jobs. Over 96% were married or in a stable, common-law relationship. Perinatal depression isn’t picky.
A new message:
If you (or a pregnant friend or family member) is struggling with feeling like your emotional health is not quite right, talk to your prenatal doctor or nurse! There IS such a thing as prenatal depression and anxiety, and this study shows it is more common than we thought. Don’t wait until after you have your baby to raise your concerns.
Further Information
Study:
Giallo et al. (2015). The emotional-behavioural functioning of children exposed to maternal depressive symptoms across pregnancy and early childhood: A prospective Australian pregnancy cohort study. Eur Child Adolsc Psychiatry, 2015 Oct;24(10):1233-44.
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